How can we overcome from ‘Dangers of Adobe Flash Player’

Discover the Truth :- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6QHt4VrTzK4

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AQbKWhJCVUc

Adobe Flash Player is very common software to view videos and animations. Many of vendors like to use older version of the software without knowing the danger and hazards of it. There are plug in link to watch videos online and need Adobe Flash Player to do so. I would suggest think twice before clicking on plug in link. But why it said? Because of the viruses and hackers which come through such plug in. Your computer may work differently when it occurs. Anti-virus that you think is enough to overcome this insecurity is not enough and those hackers are not easy to dictate.

Today, Adobe flash Player is very much known for its vulnerabilities. Many of users are not aware of this type of dangers. A large number of vendors are ignoring such situations. Actually, they are unaware of the case. The unknown vulnerabilities can damage you browsers or computer easily. Even your latest quality Anti-virus only comes second best in this situation.

The dangers had already dictated by big developers. Giants like Google and Apple already taken necessary steps in order to protect themselves. They had blocked Adobe Flash Player as a plug in; instead of that, they are using their own software. Mozilla Firefox also taken secures steps and blocked the plug in to avoid problems that would occur on the pages. An updated latest version of Adobe Flash Player can end up this blocking. On the other side, top browsers such as Google Chrome, Opera and Safari allow older version of Adobe Flash Player. Regular update of the software always gives more security to the vendors.

Vulnerabilities are not issue for vendors only, it worries developers too. Computer developers like of Microsoft and Macintosh well aware of such problems. The fact is they dictated the vulnerabilities of older version of Abode Flash Player (16.0.0 296). Experts of Microsoft Company dictated the unknown vulnerabilities. Means, the vendors who are using this version are under threat of hackers. Experts launched an updated version of flash player to secure their users.

In 2015, the attacks came on the month of January. It went worse as the hackers targeted the online advertisements. The situation called as Zero- Day vulnerabilities. There are not less than 18 Zero-Day vulnerabilities in last two years. Three of those targeted Adobe Flash Player.

What are Zero-day vulnerabilities? Zero-Day vulnerability is nothing but the cyber attacks by the team of hackers. Those problems cannot be resolved easily. Those are not patch or fix problems. According to experts, those are holes of security for users. The hackers are always seem to ready to exploit such holes. The dangers would come anytime without giving information to the vendors. The last zero-Day vulnerability came for Adobe flash player on July, 2015, known as CVE-2015-5123. Hackers had stolen almost 400 GB data. Experts of the company dictated that and resolved the situation.

If you get attacks of vulnerabilities, you have nothing to do but wait. You have to wait for developers’ reaction on this. They may take little time to fix those problems and updated the software. In fact, Microsoft Company fixes or patched security problems on every second Tuesday of each month. Adobe flash player is also the part of their development. So, to avoid such problems and hazards, vendors need to update their Adobe Flash Player on regular basis.             

EINSTEIN, THE GREATEST SCIENTIST ON THE EARTH EVER !

Albert Einstein is one of the greatest scientists of the world. Many have recognised he is the best. His inventions ‘General Theory of Relativity’ brought revolution in the world of Physics. His well known equation E=mc² is one of the most essential equation of modern Physics (here, E= kinetic energy, m=relativistic mass and c= speed of light). Even atom bomb had invented basis of his theory and equation. He had won Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921.
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Birth and Education:      

This great scientist had born on 14th March, 1879, in Germany. In 1880 he along with his family went to a big city, Munich. As it known, his father was an engineer. His early education started in Munich at the age of five. His childhood school name was Luitpold Gymnasium which later named to him as Albert Einstein Gymnasium. In 1894, his family went to Italy. Einstein stayed in Munich and completed his study there. Then he went to Italy to join his family. The very next year he went to Switzerland and passed Swiss poly-technique exam. He stayed in the country and got a teaching job there.

Marriage and Jobs:

In the year of 1902 he married to Mileva Maric. The couples produced two sons. Though, his marriage did not last long. In 1919, he had married to another woman, Elsa Loverthal, who died in 1936.

In 1905, Einstein got his PhD from University of Zurich. In 1908, he joined to University of Bern as lecturer of Physics. In 1911, he got a full professor job in Austria. Later he came back to Germany. Same year he brought his famous ‘General Theory of Relativity’ in front of all.

In December, 1930, he went to U.S.A. and got many appreciations and achievements. Three years later he again went there and in 1935 he and his wife adopted citizenship of U.S.A

Passion:

Apart from Physics, he had eagerness in music. He himself liked to play violin. He said once that he would be a musician if he was not a physicist. In fact at his young age his work with violin preferable to many people.

Theory of Relativity and other work:

The man was a great scientist. His articles and inventions are remarkable. But the most famous article was ‘General Theory of Relativity’ and his equation, E=mc². This equation may be the most famous equation in history of science. It is a pillar of modern Physics.  His article was first come out in 1905. People was little doubtful about this and it took long fourteen years to accept. It was in 1919 when acceptance happened.

He wrote many articles and invented theory. Among those, Periodic Table of Element, Theory of Critical Opalescence, Energy at Zero Point, Definition of Light, Bose-Einstein Theory are mostly remarkable. He raised questions on ‘Quantum Theory’. He wrote several articles on it and said it was not up to mark. The debate against Niels Bohr remained unclosed until death. It was controversial at times and many scientists opposed Einstein in that case. But his articles on this were matter in future works.

Death:

Form the age of sixty-nine; he was in observation of treatment regularly. In 1955, case went wrong and he faced internal bleeding. But he was not agree for surgical operation and continued his industrious work in Physics. The scientist died on 18 April, 1955. The man had died but his work in science remains him alive for ever.

SPACE RESEARCH CENTRES OF INDIA

It was in 1972, the very first step had been taken for Indian Space research. Indian Government established two organisations - SPACE COMMISSION and DEPARTMENT OF SPACE. Government wanted to improve Space Technology and India’s progress by combination of these two institutions. One of the branches of DEPARTMENT OF SPACE is ISRO OR INDIAN SPACE RESEARCH ORGANISATION. The responsibility of progress in technical area and Space research both are the priority of ISRO. The main office of ISRO and DEPARTMENT OF SPACE both are in Bengaluru, formerly Bangalore, in the State of Karnataka, India. There are many institutions which work under the ISRO and DEPARTMENT OF SPACE.

BIKRAM SARABHAI SPACE CENTRE: 

This centre is originally situated at Thumba, at Thiruvananthapuram, the State of Kerala. All types of Rocket and Launch vehicles’ activities have been done here. The main subjects of their research are Avionics, Aeronautics, Mechanical Engineering, Solid Propulsion, Chemical, Polymer, Lunch vehicles etc.  The centre has its own campus where all the research has been done.

The Earth from space

ISRO INERTIAL SYSTEMS UNIT: 

This centre is situated at Thiruvananthapuram, in Kerala, India. The centre mainly research for inertial sensors and systems of satellite technology as well as launch vehicles.

LIQUID PROPULSION SYSTEM CENTRE:

There are three campuses under this centre. One is at Valiamala, Kerala, one is at Mahendragiri, Tamil Nadu other is at Bengaluru, Karnataka. The work on launch vehicles and Satellite auxiliary propulsion systems has been main here. The development on Cryogenic of  lunch vehicles and steps of liquid propulsion also part of the research. Activities on Space crafts and Cryogenic engines are the main theme of this centre.

SRIHARIKOTA CENTRE: 

Launching vehicle

The main and most famous launching centre of ISRO situated at Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh, India. It is a rocket launching centre. This centre is a combination of two institutions, ISRO RANGE AND TEST FACILTY (IRT) and PROPELLANT AND TECHNICAL SERVCES FACLITY (PRT). The main job of this centre is to provide solid motor for launch vehicles. Besides this, there is sub-system of satellite and rocket launcher. It can store liquid propellant. Instrumental works of launch vehicles also done here. In the year of 2002, it got new name as SATISH DHAWAN SPACE CENTRE, named after frmer ISRO head. In 2013, the MANGALYAAN also launched from this centre. 

ISRO TELEMETRY, TRACKING AND COMMAND NETWORK: 

This centre of Bengaluru, Karnataka, supply technology to control the speed of vehicles. There are ground network stations at several cities. The cities are – Bengaluru, Lucknow, Sriharikota, Port Blair, Thiruvananthapuram and Hyderabad. There are stations outside India too.

ISRO SATELLITE CENTRE: 

Scientific, applications and technical aspects of a launch vehicle come up with the help of this institution. Designing, developing, caring etc has done by this centre. It research mainly on digital systems, microwave, and instruments of vehicles as well as test of them.

LABORATORY FOR ELECTRO-OPTIIC SYSTEMS: 

This is one of the parts of ISRO SATELLITE CENTRE, situated at Bengaluru, Karnataka. It works on sensors of  launch vehicles and satellites. It has two parts, one is SENSOR DEVELOPMENT GROUP and other is APPLIED OPTICS GROUP.

SPACE APPLLICATION CENTRE: 

This centre is in Ahmadabad, Gujarat. Research on Space and practical use of technology are feathering the job of this centre. Mainly work on satellite communication and remote sensor.

DEVELOPMENT AND EDUCATIONAL COMMUNICATION UNIT:

This institution of Ahmadabad, Gujarat, mainly work on project of Space research, making reports on it and judge the quality of the project. In addition, also work on Space technical prospects and making of educational videos for its students.

SPACE CRAFTS SEND TO THE MARS MISSION

MARS Adventure:

The MARS, this reddish planet has named after to a Roman God, God of War, is the second smallest planet in the Solar System. Up to 1960, the human beings believed that we could get information about the MARS planet only through telescopes. Many would believe in science fiction stories. But two of super power countries of the world of sixty's thought differently. The United States of America and the people of the Soviet Union started a never ending battle on the Mars mission. Between the years of 1964 to 1976 all the mission on the Mars did without any astrologer. The first successful mission to the Mars planet happened in 1964, by space craft ‘Mariner 4’.
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MARS 1 : The space craft had sent by the USSR in 1962 towards the Mars . The mission ended just after crossing the Earth’s orbit and lost forever.

MARINER 3 : It was in 1964, when The United States of America sent this space craft for Mars. But due to unsuccessful opening of the Solar Panel, it failed.

MARINER 4 : The first successful mission to the Mars happened in same year by the scientists of the U.S.A. This space craft collected photos of the Mars planet. There were 22 close photographs of the planet from a distance of 9,920 kilometre.

MARINER 6 : In 1969 the U.S.A again sent a space craft towards the Mars. It went within the reach of 3,400 km of the planet and able to collect video of the Mars’ middle line. Not only had that it also measured the temperature and pressure of air of the planet. That was a great success in research of the Mars.

MARINER 7 : At same year U.S.A  had sent another mission and collected 200 photos of the South Pole of the planet.

MARS 2 : In 1971 The USSR of that time send this space craft to the Mars. It was the first ever space craft with a traveller. But sadly, this mission failed as a cyclone hit it and destroyed it.

MARS 3 : At the same year Russ again sent a space craft to the planet. It landed on the soil of the Mars and send information but only for 20 seconds. After that the communication had broken.

MARINER 9 : This space craft sent by the United States of America to the planet worked remarkable. The goal of the mission was to enquire about the planet. The space craft sent in 1971 able to make 85% map of the planet. Added to that it also collected pictures of two satellites of the Mars, one is Phobos and another is Deimos.

MARS 4 : Two years later The Soviet Union sent another space mission but due to problem of the sending Rocket, it failed to enter Mars’ orbit.

MARS 6 : Same year another space craft sent by the USSR scientists. The craft failed to communicate after landing on the planet’s soil.

MARS 7 : It was another space craft sent by same country and in same year had gone further distance of 13,000 km away of the Mars due to technological problems.

VIKING 1 : In the year of 1975 the U.S.A. had sent this space craft to the Mars. It collected near about 26,000 pictures. More importantly it gave the idea of ice portion at two extreme points of the planet.

VIKING 2 : Same year, same country sent this space mission for the Mars. It able to collect lots of information and pictures of the planet. It also brought the information about the existence of Nitrogen and Organ gases. But life existence oriented enquiry could be done at that time.

PHOBOS 1 : In 1988, the Soviet Russia sent a new mission to the Mars. This mission was set to collect information about its satellite Phobos. But unfortunately, it failed as the  face of Solar Panel of this craft was wrong, opposite of the Sun. It was a mistake made by scientists.

MARS OBSERVER : In 1992, The NASA, responsible for space mission of the United States of America, had sent a new space craft to the Mars. Its aim was to collect information about weather of the planet with pictures. But its communication with the scientists failed at the moment of setting under the orbit of the planet.

How Started S.I Units

How Started S.I Units:

The History:

Old Anglos Saxon Measurement process was responsible for invention of Imperial Unit process. The units were ordinary types. Units were made up on the basis of measurement system of that age. For example- hand of a human being had recognised as unit of length. The problem was length of hands varies in different persons. So, actual measurement could not be derived. There were errors all day long. Measurements were different in different hand as well as different places. In first phase of the twenty century there were two processes of measurement. One was Imperial method and other is Metric method. Imperial method was running in the British Empire. English speaking countries, including the United Sates, preferred Imperial method. Metric method belonged to France and other European countries and their associated countries, including colonies. At present the whole world follow the Metric process

Old Types of Units:

At olden days there was peculiar fashion of units. Breadth length of a thumb supposed to be one inch. Distance between starting of nose of King Edgar to end point of his middle finger (when completely stretch) was recognised as one yard. Those days one acre suggested the quantity of land could be cultivated by a pair of bulls with help of the plough. In other way, Mile oriented from the army related subject, Army of Rome, Italy. They thought one Mile measured as 1000 footsteps of a soldier that was near about of 1618 yards. Due to lots of disparity of footsteps, one standard Mile measured as 1760 yards.

Unit Systems:

The mentioned units are the father of weight measurement and responsible for invention of Imperial Unit System. At present units are not like olden days, those are calculated sharply and with accuracy. Some of them are complex in nature in arithmetic calculation but give accurate result in both occasions – bigger units and smaller units.

The units are decided after lots of judiciousness. This process is called Metric process and it first started in 1790 in France, then it covered many other countries in Europe thanks to great emperor Napoleon Bonaparte. In France a new unit of length discovered, that called ‘Meter’. A fraction of 1/10000000 of one/fourth of the middle line of the Earth measured as 1 meter. Unit of weight in ‘Metric’ system is ‘Kilogram which is equal to weight of one cubic decimetre of water. Volume of one cubic decimetre water is one ‘Litre’.

The Organisations:

At olden days there were many units of same things. So in respect to organise common units of those there were a meeting held in France. It was in 1870. That was the first ever meeting base on units. In the year of 1875 another gathering in Paris, France brought an agreement called ‘Treaty of the Meter’. According to this agreement set up an institution – ‘International Bureau of Weights and Measures’. It was decided that this organisation would meet to make new units and new definition. In 1889, a new definition had invented of ‘Meter’ and ‘Kilogram’ on basis of re-measurement of a rod made by an alloy of metals like Platinum and Iridium. The rod had been preserved in a room in Paris. Later, many suggestions and new thinking added to the institution. In 1954, ‘Weights and Measurement’ organised meeting gave approval of a new types of ‘Metric System’ which is rather easy to use in international prospectus. In 1960 this new system received a name – ‘System International De Units’ or International System of Units, in short S.I. Unit.   
 

Know About the Moon

What is Moon:

The Moon looks from the Earth

The Moon:

The moon is the only natural satellite of the Earth. Its age is same as the Earth’s age, almost 4.6 billion years. But the satellite is different from others. As the size of other satellites are 1/8^th part of their own planets, where size of the Moon is very big in compare to others.  Size of it is 1/4^th part of the Earth.  Diameter of the Moon is 3475 km and diameter of the Earth is 12700 km. But its surface area is half of the Atlantic Ocean. Because of that, its gravitation force is 1/6^th of the Earth’s gravitation attraction. The orbit of the Moon is not circular, rather elliptical. The highest distance from the Earth is approximately 406000 km and the lowest is approximately 364000 km. The revolution time of the Moon around the Earth is 27 days 7 hours 43 minutes and 12 seconds. We always see only one side of the Moon from the earth.

Inside the Moon:

The front of the satellite looks bright with some black spots. The brighter portion is the mountains, hills and high places which are lighted by the Sunlight. The dull portion is low positions of the surface. It was thought the low positions are ‘Maria’ or sea and given names basis of that but it is almost clear today that there is no water in the Moon, if any, that in form of ice. There are many hills in the Moon. The highest pick is suppose to higher than Mt. Everest, that situated near to southern part in the Moon. The height of it is 10660 meter.

One of the noted characteristic of the Moon is its lots of vacuoles which are mostly circular in shape. The diameters of those are between 1000 km to 1 km. The source of those vacuoles is the fall of the meteors on the surface of the Moon for a long period of time.

On the Moon Soil

Its Gravity:

Gravitation force of the Moon is very poor. For that reason, there are no gases or atmosphere. As per astronomers, there are no less of peculiar incidents in the Moon. There are no evening twilight or dusk, morning appears suddenly, because when the Sun rises there are no air to show the rising glory. There is no sound as there is no medium of air which need for sound wave.  The temperature of the Moon is extreme. AT day time, it rises to 100°C and at night it becomes -180°C.

The Moon and Tide:

The Sun and the Moon both are responsible for tide in the earth. The Moon is nearer to the earth than the Sun. So the influence of the Moonlight is more effective than the Sunlight. The Moonlight takes 1.3 seconds to appear on the earth where the Sunlight takes 8 minutes and sixteen seconds. For this distance, the ratio of the strength of tide due to the Sun and the Moon is 11:5.

Research on the Moon:

As per report there are lots of stones in the Moon, the stones are dry and no sign of water on those. There are no sign of any type of organic substance on the stones. There are no symbols of volatile elements, like – Sodium, Potassium, Chlorine, Lead, Mercury etc.  But in the earth these elements are common in an igneous rock. As per experts, there may be water in form of ice crystals in the Moon. And if any water exists it, may be some life also. Though it is not clear. The search on the Moon is still in progress and we are waiting to know mystery of the Moon in future.

 

 

 

Is there any Water in the Moon

Is there any Water in the Moon

How the Mission Started:

An Astronomer on the soil of the Moon

There are no ends of curiosity about the Moon. Out of this curiosity many Space Ships had send to the Moon from the soil of Earth. The journey had started in 1959 when Russian Space Craft, Luna 2 first landed on the Moon soil. Three years later U.S.A had sent their Spacecraft, Ranger 4 to the Moon. Before that, in 1957, Laika was the first animal sent to orbit for experimenting. It was a dog, though the mission was unsuccessful but it gives confidence to launch further space missions into the orbit to Russian Astronomers. Sputnik 1 was the name of that space flight. By the way, Yuri Gagarin of Russia was the person who went to the outer space by the Space Craft, Vostok, in 1961. Then the Americans came to the picture and send their first ever Space Craft, Pioneer 0 in 1958, but it failed. It was another cool battle between two power houses of that age. In the year of 1969, NASA planned to send three persons into the Moon by their Space Ship, Apollo 1.

The United States' Flag on the Moon

It was a great success. The Ship contained three gentlemen. Neil Armstrong was the first person who first landed on the soil of the Moon, then Edwin Aldrin and Michael Collins. They had infixed the flag of the United States of America on the soil of the Moon. Then other countries also joined on that mission to find the mystery of the Moon. Americans and Russians also send more Space Ships to the Moon. Sometimes, astronomers lost their lives as the Space Ships were gone out of control. But still today human beings are crazy to go the Moon.

Chance of Water in the Moon:

After several mission to the Moon there are lots of questions whose answers is still in mystery. But the million dollars question is ‘Is there any water in the Moon?’ In the year of 1961, few scientists theoretically said about the possibility of water in the Moon. Their logic were, as the Sunlight never spread more than 1.6 degrees at the Equatorial area of the Moon, there would be some vacuoles that cannot get any Sunlight in any circumstances. Such vacuoles’ temperature must be very low, around -230 degrees Celsius or 40 Kelvin. So there would be ice that cannot be changed for years. So it remains ice for ever. Now scientists are using Neutron Spectroscopy process in find of water. Water is one of the most essential elements for life. So if there is water there has the possibility of life too.

What Research saying:

Space Craft on the Moon Soil

Neutron can be divided into groups according to their strength. Different types of Neutron react differently with other things. Scientists did the experiments that how a Neutron behaves with dry soil and wet soil of the Moon and observe that there would be water. Neutron of Prospector and Spectrometer can discover layer of ice down to half meter beneath the soil.  Scientists’ idea is that there is water in form of ice beneath the soil, down to 2 meter for millions of years. The Prospector has given search of billions metric ton ice in the Moon. There is ice at the two extreme points of the Moon. Ice is found at Southern region, at Aitken Basin as well as at Northern region. The water is in form of crystal, crystal of ice. As per scientists’ guess, there are the places in two poles with covering area of five thousand to fifty thousand square kilometres that have water, in ice form.